VPA RANKINGS

MEN'S RANKINGS
RankingFirst NameLast NameCountryVPA PointsVPA TOUR01/26VPA PRO TOUR02/26FANTASY LEAGUE 03/26VPA TOUR 04/26Phu Quoc Padel VPA Tour 05/26VTF 05/26VPA TOUR 06/25VPA MASTERTOUR 07/25VPA CHALLENGER08/25VPA MASTER TOUR 09/25VPA TOUR 10/25VPA Pro Tour11/25RTS2025/VN OPEN
1ThomasBarateauFRANCE6703480950024001080012512002400
2Quang MinhLuVIETNAM3917875645015823836004744073291250
3ThinhTRANVIETNAM3451031430066036000002015
4Thanh PhongLeVIETNAM3423724752515828518086190380180996
5LinhLuFRANCE3390722601001207201080114204396900
6ChrisDevoiseFRANCE3333013504807200861140248950
7NamLeFRANCE31573895050240004672057300576
8IanWilsonUSA2877240000000251190600396
9PierreMEPLONFRANCE252801430007202850001200
10CedricGuilletFRANCE2239158004800001149596696
11DamienDesurmontFRANCE1896722382001200057000396300
12SimonJoncquezFRANCE1687000200285028538057300180
13AngelDE LAS HERASSPAIN16830010000046720096721
14JohnnyBaoVIETNAM167172314300001080190270480
16Phillip LEFRANCE15570000023814300600180
18CharlesLecomteFRANCE123624014300002422510180180
19AmauryDesurmontFRANCE1220000000570000650
20MattMCCALL-PEATSOUTH AFRICA1137158270000018803052160
21VincentCHRISTOPHEFRANCE108612005007200061570180
22TakumiFUJISAKIJAPAN9203327025720269054036314
23ChuongPHAMUSA8788000032845057225215
24OresteAgugliaITALY85750000000057450300
24Tri LongNGUYENVIETNAM8570135000000468650
26CorneliusWOLFAUSTRIA7880143000030000180165
27ThomasBERNARDFRANCE763220000011901195768180
28ArturoMorenoSPAIN74638000054000149325
29AdrianGARCIASPAIN7180000001500068300
30DungVOVIETNAM66463220005245027149290
31ClementHERMANNFRANCE6131003500000000100
32SheelSHAHKENYAN609014307200061571800
33LeonardoAZEVEDOBRAZIL548156100081452900208
34VuANH VOVIETNAM52733000009054036314
35PimRusiusNETHERLANDS5000050000000000
36ThaiHUYNHVIETNAM49900300130130820163
37TheoWOODAUSTRALIA492022066000172636325
39RobertoVALENCIASPAIN474000001800294000
39DavidKOIFRANCE4740000000474000
41JulienCORONFRANCE45750000004518084098
42DiegoARGENTINA4500000000004500
43ClémentLE MIEREFRANCE448136804000264036261
44ManuBEDOYASPAIN3960000000000396
45FrancoSantoliARGENTINA390000000000225165
46Dong KhoiNguyenFRANCE38400000108000960
47JoshSCANNEL37900000005400325
48NathanHEIDENREICH37225220000455490360
49TienLEVIETNAM3600000036000000
50ThomasGuichotFRANCE35400000543000000
51JarekTKACZYKPOLAND34903900000431075
52KrisCAMAGOUSA343002000004500098
53QuiHoNORWAY333022000000096215
54PierreJULLIENFRANCE327000000860456898
55Steve STAROST32682201000001701490
56LuanNGUYENFRANCE3088000000000300
57DennisTHANHDENMARK3000000000000300
57AlexGRAUFRANCE3000000000000300
59SimonVERPOORTFRANCE29400000001140180
60LaurenceFELL27800000000180098
61LéoMOULIERACFRANCE262000014311900000
62DiegoPUMARINOCHILE25600000901500000
63EmanueleASCOLI24000000009000150
64Quang AnhLuVietnam23208900143000000
65NghiaNGUYENVIETNAM2291500130014800163
66BorisCohenFRANCE22500000000596898
67VireshFERNANDO21400020000001400
68EdgarCamagoUSA2088020000000000
69KevinMCQUILLANSCOTLAND1888000000000150
69Craig1880000188000000
71LakshithaDASANAYAKESRI LANKA18300000540545900
72BasilFRANCE18000000000000
72CallumWrenchENGLAND18000000000000
72Joris18000000000000
72DavidMaxwellSCOTLAND1800000018000000
72LouisVicoARGENTINA1800000018000000
77JuanLOPEZ1710000000801630
78Johnny (Jon)NGUYEN HUYENFRANCE168720000000000
79MarcCHERVALIERFRANCE16602002000046545
80TonyLEVIETNAM1630000000000163
81DominicHEATONAUSTRALIA153000005499000
82Tuan NGUYENVIETNAM15041002675008000
82FinnVIETNAM1500000150000000
84AttilaDRAGOMERPOLISH1290200075000400
85Quang BUIVIETNAM126191300001401400
86ShouryaSINGHINDIA1240000054054000
87ZacBENBESSAMFRANCE1210000001210000
87Aatif1210000001210000
89TonyLEEUSA1200000003090000
90LarsBO HANSENDENMARK1190000000119000
91ChettVOSLOSOUTH AFRICA1140000000114000
92JonathanPRITHIVIRAJ1100000000006545
93FrankSCHOLTENNETHERLANDS1082610000000000
93VietNGUYENVIETNAM1080000010800000
95StevenMINHNORWAY10326025005200000
96LeoKLINKNETHERLANDS1010002000540045
97AlexandreMikaelianSUITZERLAND1000001000000000
98ManishSOGANIINDIA990000000540045
99JonathanNg Cheong TinMAURITIUS98000000000098
99RoroHamelinFRANCE98000000000098
99ArturPETROSJEAN9873000030130045
99GiangNGUYENVIETNAM98000000000098
99DangNGUYENVIETNAM98000000000098
99MaximePellierFRANCE98068000000000
105NicholasDIFELICIANTONIOUSA970000000520045
106JacobAllmarasUSA9600000000000
106WilliamVaganayFRANCE96000000000960
108SerhiiRozhanskyiUKRAINE86000086000000
108StevenGROSSAUSTRALIA86000086000000
110NiklasHUNKAGREMANY7800000003345
111VincentROUSSETFRANCE75000900000
112JohnnyHuyen NguyenFRANCE720007200000
112AlexLe bivicFRANCE72720
112DucDoVietnam72720
115FlorianFONDEVILLEFRANCE68000000068
115Juan CarlosCAIROSPAIN68000000068
117NicholasAneFRANCE6666
117AlexandreAneFRANCE6666
119KhoaNGUYENVIETNAM63000261374130
120ChrisVUFRANCE612002602670
121ThomasBOUANFRANCE591500000140
122TrucHA MINHVIETNAM500050
122TylerVIETNAM5050
124JulienPLANTEYFRANCE45000045000
124Matt WASHERNEW ZEALAND45000000450
124DiegoPORTALESMEXICO4515000014
127JustinCHIEM44413040700
128MaximALEYNIK4300070002610
128JohannesNGUYENGERMANY43730000033
130KareshPHANVIETNAM4020407470
131PeterNyströmSweden38380
132MichaelSHU3660814800
133Tony CHENTAIWAN3300090140010
134RushdiNIUMUDEENSRI LANKA3000000000
135Trung NGUYENVIETNAM29000000290
135AlexandreHALBERSFRANCE2915000014
137NanoMORANTEARGENTINA28410001400
138Don270000270
139Axel D24002400
139Josef24002400
139Edu24002400
139Laurent24002400
143BorjaDE LA CRUZ23100400090
143DrewHARKNESS230607000010
143SteveGUENTHER23002300
143Harry STAROST23002300
147Louis2260000016
147Ivan Maziein22220
149Thai NamNGUYEN210170400
149JulienLECOQFRANCE210000021
149ElliotHARDY210000021
149GinPhanVietnam21230
153Matt WISEMAN20430400090
153PaulSANDERSONUK2060000410
155SebastianGALLADEGERMANY17000001700
155WillLAM17000170000
157Davide160000016
157RasmusFlaskager LaursenDENMARK16
159StevenTRUONGVIETNAM15400704
160Rob JONESNETHERLANDS14000014000
160Nick DEFILICIANTONIO14001400
160SanatKIRAN D14000014
160RobertoVOLLALOBOS14000014
160AaronSOH1404000010
165MarcosTORRESSPAIN13000001300
165NicoDharmaputraIndonesia13130
167MilanMILOSEVIC10000000010
167RemiHAKIM102000800
167JulienCOURANTFRANCE1000000820
167SantiagoCAMPANERA10000200800
167Loic100000010
172Ronan9020700
172SimonMartinFrance990
172SebastienLestangFrance990
175ACETHANHUSA800080000
175Si TienPHAM8400004
175Chris HOWE808000
175OlivierTOGNETTI808000
175PaulVINCENT808000
175GavinELLIS808000
175LuizAZEVEDO808000
175KimBrenholdtDenmark880
175Minh TruongBUIVIETNAM8040040
184BurakPEKMEZCI743000000
184KienPHAMVIETNAM700700
184BenjaminCHITARRINI700700
184Abhijeet700700
184GiladTOUCHSHER700700
184DavidTOUCHSHER700700
190James QUANTRILL6020040
190Julien Gaichet660
190Arnaud Caubet660
190Tony Servera660
190WillMCFARLANDVIETNAM6020040
195YannLEMAIREFRANCE5300002
196BenjaminFAUX400040
196CharlieSMITH400040
196HiepCHIEMVIETNAM400040
196Dinh KhoiVIETNAM400004
196BillyGiannikosAustralia440
196Dash44
202LoïcGautier330
203JoshuaHONG2200000
203JamesVILLANUEVA200002
203ChristophPETERS2020000
203ManoelBUISSON200002
203LudoTOULEMONDE200002
203AndyLEVIETNAM200002
203Kien FamUkraine220
203CorentinGilles 220
203MarkPeouAustralia220
203YouennMenguyFrance220
203NgocTran220
203ChaneiraWerner220
203JohanssonPärSweden220
203Jancin StewartUSA220
203DinoRabutan220
203YoussefBOUZOUBAA2020000
203PhiloNguyen22
203Xuan DungNguyen22
203Ben22
203ThibaudHuet22
203NicholasCullen22
203Johande Wet22
203RobinMalsam22
203HenryPeters22
RankingFirst NameLast NameCountryVPA PointsVPA Tour 01/26VPA PRO TOUR02/26FANTASY LEAGUE 03/26VPA TOUR 04/26VTF 05/26VPA TOUR 06/25VPA MASTERTOUR 07/25VPA Challenger08/25VPA MASTERTOUR 09/25VPA TOUR 10/25VPA Pro Tour11/25RTS2025/VN OPEN
1ValerieDemetriadesNetherlands351200500396000360603961800
2SoawapaaAllaThailand281100480396150001206001200
3ClaireArmitageSouth Africa272602002401200000900600396
4Kristi AnnVorsterSouth Africa2450050010000001200650
5EmmaDoFrance241500120015000001200
6Ilsevan den BoschNetherlands1914010015360011912012000
7NuongAi TranVietnam18880300386005000000900
8HuongThi Thanh NguyenVietnam140600480396501800000300
9TrangTranVietnam121500100001190396600
10SilavUK1200000000001200
11HuongVT NguyenVietnam11520251581803300060300396
12Thuy AnhLeVietnam110503002500000780
13RuchikaSenaratneSri Lanka996020015839633119090000
14CarmenLUVietnam9510500381800000180215
15JennyNGUYENVIETNAM894001201800000180576
16My LinhNGUYENVIETNAM774862539501261607650
17Trang TTTVietnam6391041800540040180180
18HanhNGUYEN627150180000000396
19IdaENEVOLDSENDenmark6240025119000300180
20KoiLoiVietnam600600
21LanaNguyen50616125032000000396
22MareDERKS39600000000396
23AshlynPHANGSINGAPORE386001800900018098
24An LEVietnam36810461801500802098
25LisanneKoolenNetherlands36000036000000
25AnaliaEL CHIKHANI3600000000180180
25SegoleneGourdienFrance36000000360000
28SophieTighzer337000012000325
28KellyMason337000012000325
30Kate NGVietnam32951210032000000180
31CassieLOHongKong31551000000300180
32MeoNguyenVietnam31402001600000098
33Yen VuVietnam308030010000070
34Nhu YLEVietnam259401110442180215
34TanyaCUTHBERT25910240160002000
36NatalieNGUYEN VIETNAM203001590000098
37Dieu AnhNGUYEN Vietnam195001500000180
38TrangKLINK1810020001600163
39DaiLuVietnam18000018000000
39Hao Vietnam18001800000000
41HanaNguyenVietnam1690015000000163
42AndreaHari134160000002098
43Emilija12801280000000
44ThiNGUYENVietnam1150403500050098
45MaiTRINHVIETNAM11300150000098
46TrucNguyen Thi ThanhVietnam980000000098
47Ruth7200054001800
48DiemBUIVIETNAM5940150004000
49LinhNGUYENVIETNAM310250600000
50ThaoTRAN300000003000
51HienLEVIETNAM18040150440000
52Amy-LeeMARSHALL168010002050
53ChiDO140600008000
54khanhTran1300110020000
55MadisonDINHVIETNAM120001200000
55BrunaVilela Hoffmeister1201110000000
57RubiNGUYENVIETNAM11100604000
57VickyNguyen110050060000
57KasiaUPoland110110000000
60Jenny TNguyenVietnam100000000100
60OcheDwi100000000100
62StellaKang8000035000
63EmilyBIANCHINI7000002050
63RitaNGUYENVIETNAM71020220000
65ThuongNGUYENVIETNAM6000204000
65MaiTRANVIETNAM60010320000
67TrangDAOVIETNAM50300200000
67ThaoPhanVietnam5050000000
69JenniferYuen4040000000
70StellaCHOI30300000000
70SigridCHEN3000030000
70NgocBerris3030000000
73YenHOANGVietnam2000002000
73HienVUVietnam2000020000
73TotPHILLIPINES2000200000
73ClaireELSWORTH2000002000
77EmilieBIANCHINI1000010000
77LyndaCADE1000010000
77Ran Ran1010000000
77Thuy em1010000000
77KristynaLeova1010000000
77Lan1010000000
83BebsAbrilloPhilippines0000000000
83HoaVuVietnam0000000000
83SallyMacleanAustralia0000000000
83TrangNguyenVietnam0000000000
83LienChenTaiwan0000000000
83ReikoIshiharaJapan0000000000
83JeeheePARKKorea0000000000
83JieunKorea0000000000
83SeiKIMKorea0000000000
83YuriKIMKorea0000000000
83LailaKorea0000000000
83Ha BUI0000000000
83NgocSi BoiVietnam0000000000
83HanThaoVietnam0000000000
83NattiyaThailand0000000000
83LinlinTrichetFrance0000000000
83ChloeRoddierFrance0000000000
83ChristinaOlgaIndonesia0000000000
83MingTanMalaysia0000000000
83HuongLeVietnam0000000000
83AnhLanh ThiVietnam0000000000
83FleurBromsNetherlands0000000000
83MarionBeauFrance0000000000
83
83
83
83000000000
83
83
RankingFirst NameLast NameCountryVPA PointsVPA TOUR 01/26VPA PRO TOUR 02/26FANTASY PADEL LEAGUE 03/26VPA TOUR 04/26VTF 05/26VPA TOUR 06/25VPA MASTER TOUR 07/25VPA CHALLENGER08/25VPA MASTERTOUR09/25VPA TOUR 10/25VPA Pro Tour11/25RTS2025/VN OPEN
1Thanh PhongLeVietnam37200000960002400
2NuongAi TRANVietnam275331760360960001380
3ClaireArmitageSouth Africa160623480002348000600
4HuongNGUYENVietnam1369101110000180600
5JohnnyBaoVietnam12883176000317180576
6CarmenLUVietnam12185581200
7LinhLuFrance10450000000325
8IanWilsonUSA100096000004000
9EmmanuelDoFrance9609600000000
10ThomasBERNARD938201201201200240180300
11Thuy AnhLeVietnam9280000322300576
12Dieu AnhNguyenVietnam840901800000813
13IdaENEVOLDSENDanemark78901203675240180300
14StevenSTAROST78830750002348000180
15ValerieDEMETRIADES7820001201200650
16AngelDE LAS HERAS720120600
17PimRUSIUSNetherlands71000600000650
18ThomasBarateauFrance6500000000650
19AalaSOAWAPAThailand639157560107901441800
20Quang MinhLuVietnam600600
21MatthewMcCall-PeatSouth Africa5640180150000396
22Ilsevan den BoschNetherlands5460306000600396
23PierreMEPLONFrance49848018000000
24JennyNGUYEN LINHVietnam48101600016260423
25Theo WOOD47592300001640423
26CassieLO46520120000000325
27HuongVT NguyenVietnam389915000050000180
28BebsAbrilloPhilippines360240012000000
28My LinhNGUYENVIETNAM360
30AshlynPHANGSingapore270512000125210215
31TrangTranVietnam2685000038000180
32AttilaDRAGOMER2531500000000
33DiegoPumarinoChile248000380300180
34LuchoVICO2402400000000
34KoiLoiVietnam2400024000000
34PhucHUYNHUSA2400024000000
37ThaiHUYNHVietnam2355120000030215
38JarekTKACZYK2180000300215
38KasiaURGACZ2180000300215
40FlorianMENDY FONDEVILLEFRANCE20954003612018098
41BorisCOHENFrance18600023000163
42KhoaNGUYEN1830000300180
43SerhiiRozhanskyiUKRAINE180
43Alina180
45RuchikaSENARATINE16801801500000
45KrisCAMAGOUSA16815018
47JulienCORONFrance1635181000320098
47TrangTTTVietnam1635181000320098
49AnaliaEL CHIKHANIFrance14354000000098
50HanhNGUYENVietnam1303000002098
51VincentCHRISTOPHEFrance12550000750000
52NathanHEIDENREICH98000000098
53Joshy Scannell836023
54RobertoVALENCIASpain79007900000
55Kristi AnnVorsterSouth Africa7860018000000
56Tom HEYMAN60600000000
56EdgarCAMAGOUSA6060
56AnLEVietnam604032100311000
59YenVU HOANGVIETNAM57120100034100
60DonVEALABelgium540036001800
61CorneliusWOLF50000500000
62QuangBUIVietnam461003600000
63SegoleneGourdienFrance410180230000
63ThaoTRANVietnam411800051800
65ThinhNGUYENVietnam40040000000
65Thao HanLEVietnam40040000000
67CedricGuilletFrance383800000000
67Trang Nguyen3838
69Anh DaiLUBelgium36003600000
69TrucMINHFrance361800001800
71TonyLEEUSA35300005000
72SophieTIGHZER3392300000100
72JamesQUANTRILL339231
74Si TienPHAM3230500240000
74SamBarsukoff3232
76RitaNGUYENVietnam3053180040000
76JoshWILLIAMSSouth Africa30030000000
76HanaNguyen3030
76KateNguyen30920501120100
80GytisLazauninkas2323
80EmilijaMiliauskaite2323
80TanyaCuthbert2323
83Minh QuanLYFRANCE18180000000
83AurélieGLENISSONFrance18180000000
83DavidPaysanFrance18018000000
83StephaneMASSEFrance18180000000
83LakshihitaDASANAYAKESri Lanka18018000000
83Anh VuVo183000411000
89LeonardoAZEVEDOBrasil17100060100
89BrunaVILELABrasil17100060100
89NateHEIDENREICH17900008000
92MaximALEYNIK160160000000
93SebastianGALLADÉ14900005000
94ClementHERMANNFrance1358
95Ngoc LinhNGUYENVietnam12000120000
95Ace Thanh12001110000
97StellaKANGKorea112050013000
97ThiNGUYENVietnam110110000000
97BurakPekmezciTurkey1111
97LouisVuVietnam1111
101HoaVuVietnam10010000000
101JohnnyHuyen NguyenFrance10010000000
101Bi BoVOVIETNAM10010000000
101MaartenNIEMANTSVERDRIETNetherland10010000000
101ThomasGuichotFrance10010000000
101MichaelSHUNetherlands10100000000
101LaiQUYNHVietnam10100000000
101SheelSHAHKenya10010000000
101KareshPHAN10050005000
110LanaNguyen954
111NatalieNGUYEN800008000
111DinoRabutan88
111PennyChen88
111NiklasHUNKA8050003000
115LisanneKoolenNetherlands6100023000
115RemcoENDERS6100023000
115ClementLE MIERE6400020000
115Kim Thuong66
115LouisHaag66
115NanoMorenteArgentina61050000000
115Thuy emLeVietnam615
122SophiaTIGHZER500005000
122KellyMASON500005000
122AliTHOM500005000
122IlariaLionetti55
122Frederic Johnson55
122DiegoPortales55
122Alexle bi vic55
122MANISHSOGANIIndia55
122Nghi55
131MartinSIMONFRANCE41200000100
131TranXavierFrance44
133TrungNguyen300030000
133DiemBUI300003000
133RubiNguyenVietnam33
136JulienCourant200020000
136Oche200020000
136ChristopherHOWE200020000
136ClaireCHALFONT200020000
136NghiaNguyenVietnam22
136MarkPeouAustralia22
136EmilyBianchini22
136HarryStarost22
136BurkeIvey22
136HienVu22
136HieuLe22
147VietNGUYENVietnam100010000
147HienVUVietnam1100000000
147ParJOHANNSSONSweden1100000000
147Phuong LinhNguyen100010000
147Quynh Anh100010000
147Quang AnhLu100010000
147TonyCHENTaiwan11
147SteveTruongVietnam11
147AndreaHari11
156StellaCHOIFRANCE000000000
156TrangNguyenVietnam000000000
156DavidKOIFrance000000000
156ValarieNetherlands000000000
156JuanCARLOSSpain000000000
156ChuongPHAMUSA000000000
156Dong KhoiNguyen DuyFrance000000000
156ShouryaSINGHINDIA000000000
156LienChenTaiwan000000000
156SimonJoncquezFrance000000000
156VireshFERNANDO000000000
156ReikoISHIHARAJapan000000000
156JamesVILLANUEVA000000000
156LainSTEWART000000000
156Ruth000000000
156TanguyMOUTTEFRANCE000000000
156BasVAN WALLENBURG000000000
156ThuTRANVIETNAM000000000
156BuPHAMVIETNAM000000000
156MaiPHAMVIETNAM000000000
156Nhu YLEVietnam000000000
156LéoMOULIERAC000000000
156SilavShalal000000000
156RobWILSON000000000
156PhillipLeFrance000000000
156TanVOYRONFrance000000000
156CharlesLecomteFrance000000000
156DamianKorea000000000
156MinhMAIVietnam000000000
156AlanRussia000000000
156DianaRussia000000000
156SeanPARKKorea000000000
156JeeheePARKKorea000000000
156HuongLEVietnam000000000
156DohyunKorea000000000
156JieunKorea000000000
156StevenGROSSAustralia000000000
156BeksKIMKorea000000000
156HunyKorea000000000
156YuriKIMKorea000000000
156AtomKorea000000000
156SEIKIMKorea000000000
156JoePADEL KILLERKorea000000000
156RohanJAINKorea000000000
156VincentMELENKorea000000000
156JamesPARKKorea000000000
156TomascoKorea000000000
156LailaKorea000000000
156SallyMacleanAustralia000000000
156CharlyMartelFrance000000000
156DavidMaxwellScotland000000000
156OscarCastanedaMexico000000000
156PierreJullienFrance000000000
156ChloeRoddierFrance000000000
156DamienDesurmontFrance000000000
156NgocSi BoiVietnam000000000
156DominicHeatonAustralia000000000
156MartinVerenetFrance000000000
156JoukeVerstappenNetherlands000000000
156Quang NamLeFrance000000000
156VioletaGarcia MartiSpain000000000
156JoeMcDonaghIreland000000000
156OlivierTognettiFrance000000000
1560
1560
1560
1560
1560
156
156
156

FAQs

Frequently Asked Questions

Have questions? We’ve got answers! From VPA Rankings definition, how to interpret and how to gain rankings, we have all the answers here. If you have other questions, please send us an inquiry!

VPA Rankings is the Vietnam Padel Ranking System which will tell us who the best players in Vietnam are. A player will rank higher if he or she performs well in tournaments. Everytime you enter a tournament, your final standings in that tournament will indicate how many ranking points you earn. Contrary to ratings, you cannot lose ranking points.

Also different from ratings, the rankings determine the players position in Vietnam Padel. 2 players may have the same ratings but always different rankings.

Ranking points will be accumulated for a certain period of time, usually 1 year. After each tournament, depending on your final standings, you will earn a number of ranking points.

Yes, each tournament will offer different ranking points for each standing position (winner, runner-up, third-place, etc.). The amount of ranking points awarded will depend on the format of play (6 games, 9 games, 3 sets, etc.) and the category (Open, U950, U900, etc.)